The video by Anne Zajac discusses small ruminant parasite management, emphasizing the FAMACHA system and the need for integrated techniques to combat dewormer resistance. It highlights strategies like targeted deworming, genetic selection, nutrition, pasture management, and innovative methods like using nematophagous fungi to control parasites effectively.
Small Ruminant Parasite Management: A Guide to the FAMACHA System and Beyond
Welcome to our third installment on small ruminant parasite management, focusing on the FAMACHA system. For those involved in raising sheep and goats, managing parasites is a critical aspect of maintaining healthy livestock. In this guide, we’ll explore the FAMACHA system and other essential techniques for effective parasite control.
Understanding the FAMACHA System
The FAMACHA system is a valuable tool for assessing and managing parasites in small ruminants, particularly in combating dewormer resistance. However, it’s crucial to recognize that successful parasite management involves more than just one approach. Incorporating a variety of strategies tailored to your specific situation is key.
Strategies for Parasite Management
Targeted Deworming
One effective way to manage parasites is through targeted selective deworming. This approach involves treating only the animals that truly need it, based on their health and parasite load. Most livestock may not require frequent deworming due to low parasite challenges or robust immunity. By avoiding unnecessary treatments, you help slow down the development of resistance to dewormers.
Genetic Selection
Genetic factors play a significant role in an animal’s susceptibility to parasites. Sheep and goats can inherit genetic traits that affect their ability to fend off infections. Selecting breeds known for parasite resistance, such as Katahdin sheep, or choosing individuals within a breed with lower susceptibility can enhance your herd’s resilience.
Copper Boluses
Copper oxide wire particles offer another means of controlling parasites, particularly the barber pole worm. While they may not completely eliminate the worms, they can serve as a moderately effective dewormer. Remember, sheep are more prone to copper toxicity than goats, so use copper boluses with care.
Nutrition
Good nutrition is fundamental for a robust immune response against parasites. Ensuring that your animals receive adequate protein, minerals, and vitamins can significantly impact their ability to manage parasite loads. Increasing protein levels in young or lactating animals, in particular, can accelerate the development of immunity.
Reducing Parasite Exposure
Pasture Management
Reducing exposure to parasites involves careful pasture management. One effective strategy is to place the most vulnerable animals, such as young lambs and lactating ewes, on pastures with the fewest parasites. Rotational grazing and maintaining optimal forage height can also minimize parasite exposure.
Diversified Grazing
Introducing a variety of animal species to your grazing system can help reduce parasite larvae. Different species act as “vacuum cleaners” for each other’s parasites, lowering overall larval numbers. However, be cautious with young calves on heavily contaminated pastures, as their immune systems are not fully developed.
Biological Control
Using nematophagous fungi, like Duddingtonia flagrans, offers a natural approach to controlling parasites. When fed to animals, dormant fungal spores pass into the manure, where they germinate and trap nematodes. Products like BioWorma and Livamol, which contain these fungal spores, are available for use in small ruminants.
Conclusion
Effective parasite management in small ruminants requires a comprehensive and integrated approach. By combining targeted deworming, genetic selection, proper nutrition, and innovative techniques like biological control, you can maintain a healthy and productive herd. Tailor these strategies to your farm’s unique needs to achieve the best results.
